|
$
\text{<1.45E-30}
$
|
$60$
|
$1$
|
$5360$
|
${}^{}\mathrm {Pb}{}^{}\mathrm {Pb}$
|
1 |
|
ATLS |
|
$
\text{<1E-39-1E-35}
$
|
|
$1 - 10$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
2 |
|
MOED |
|
$
\text{}
$
|
$0 - 80$
|
$1 - 50$
|
$2760$
|
${}^{}\mathrm {Pb}{}^{}\mathrm {Pb}$
|
3 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<4 E-41}
$
|
$200 - 4000$
|
$1 - 2$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
4 |
|
ATLS |
|
$
\text{<4 E-38}
$
|
$590 - 1000$
|
$1 - 4$
|
$8000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
5 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<2 E-29}
$
|
$0 - 70$
|
$1 - 3$
|
$5020$
|
${}^{}\mathrm {Pb}{}^{}\mathrm {Pb}$
|
6 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<3 E-38}
$
|
$750 - 1910$
|
$1 - 5$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
7 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<1.3E-40}
$
|
$200 - 4000$
|
$1$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
8 |
|
ATLS |
|
$
\text{<5.6E-40}
$
|
$500 - 4000$
|
$2$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
8 |
|
ATLS |
|
$
$
|
$200 - 5000$
|
$2$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
9 |
|
INDU |
|
$
$
|
$200 - 5000$
|
$1$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
10 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<2.5E-37}
$
|
$200 - 6000$
|
$1$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
11 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<2E-37}
$
|
$200 - 6000$
|
$2$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
11 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<4E-37}
$
|
$200 - 5000$
|
$3$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
11 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<1.5E-36}
$
|
$400 - 4000$
|
$4$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
11 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<7E-36}
$
|
$1000 - 3000$
|
$5$
|
$13000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
11 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<5E-40}
$
|
$200 - 2500$
|
$0.5 - 2.0$
|
$8000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
12 |
|
ATLS |
|
$
\text{<2E-37}
$
|
$100 - 3500$
|
$1$
|
$8000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
13 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<2E-37}
$
|
$100 - 3500$
|
$2$
|
$8000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
13 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<6E-37}
$
|
$500 - 3000$
|
$3$
|
$8000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
13 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<7E-36}
$
|
$1000 - 2000$
|
$4$
|
$8000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
13 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<1.6E-38}
$
|
$200 - 1200$
|
$1$
|
$7000$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
14 |
|
ATLS |
|
$
\text{<5E-38}
$
|
$45 - 102$
|
$1$
|
$206$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
15 |
|
OPAL |
|
$
\text{<0.2E-36}
$
|
$200 - 700$
|
$1$
|
$1960$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
16 |
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{< 2.E-36}
$
|
|
$1$
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 18 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 0.2 E-36}
$
|
|
$2$
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 18 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 0.09E-36}
$
|
|
$3$
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 18 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 0.05E-36}
$
|
|
${}\geq{}$6
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 18 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 2.E-36}
$
|
|
$1$
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 19 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 0.2E-36}
$
|
|
$2$
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 19 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 0.07E-36}
$
|
|
$3$
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 19 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{< 0.06E-36}
$
|
|
${}\geq{}$6
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
17, 19 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.6E-36}
$
|
>265
|
$1$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
20 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.2E-36}
$
|
>355
|
$2$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
20 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.07E-36}
$
|
>410
|
$3$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
20 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.2E-36}
$
|
>375
|
$6$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
20 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.7E-36}
$
|
>295
|
$1$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
21, 22 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<7.8E-36}
$
|
>260
|
$2$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
21, 22 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<2.3E-36}
$
|
>325
|
$3$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
21, 23 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.11E-36}
$
|
>420
|
$6$
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
21, 23 |
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<0.65E-33}
$
|
<3.3
|
${}\geq{}$2
|
11$\mathit A$
|
${}^{197}\mathrm {Au}$
|
24, 25 |
|
|
|
$
\text{<1.90E-33}
$
|
<8.1
|
${}\geq{}$2
|
160$\mathit A$
|
${}^{208}\mathrm {Pb}$
|
24, 25 |
|
|
|
$
\text{<3.E-37}
$
|
<45.0
|
$1.0$
|
$88 - 94$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<3.E-37}
$
|
<41.6
|
$2.0$
|
$88 - 94$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<7.E-35}
$
|
<44.9
|
$0.2 - 1.0$
|
$89 - 93$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<2.E-34}
$
|
<850
|
${}\geq{}$0.5
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.2E-33}
$
|
<800
|
${}\geq{}$1
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.E-37}
$
|
<29
|
$1$
|
50$-$61
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.E-37}
$
|
<18
|
$2$
|
50$-$61
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.E-38}
$
|
<17
|
<1
|
$35$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<8.E-37}
$
|
<24
|
$1$
|
50$-$52
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.3E-35}
$
|
<22
|
$2$
|
50$-$52
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<9.E-37}
$
|
<4
|
<0.15
|
$10.6$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
CLEO |
|
$
\text{<3.E-32}
$
|
<800
|
${}\geq{}$1
|
$1800$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<3.E-38}
$
|
|
<3
|
$29$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.E-31}
$
|
|
1,3
|
$540$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<4.E-38}
$
|
<10
|
<6
|
$34$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<8.E-36}
$
|
<20
|
|
$52$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
26 |
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<9.E-37}
$
|
<30
|
<3
|
$29$
|
${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<1.E-37}
$
|
<20
|
<24
|
$63$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<1.E-37}
$
|
<30
|
<3
|
$56$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
$
|
|
|
$62$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
26 |
|
SPRK |
|
$
\text{<4.E-33}
$
|
|
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
26 |
|
SPRK |
|
$
\text{<1.E-40}
$
|
<5
|
<2
|
$70$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
27 |
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<2.E-30}
$
|
|
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit n}}$
|
26 |
|
OSPK |
|
$
\text{<1.E-38}
$
|
|
|
$8$
|
${{\mathit \nu}}$
|
28 |
|
HLBC |
|
$
\text{<5.E-43}
$
|
<12
|
<10
|
$400$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
INDU |
|
$
\text{<2.E-36}
$
|
<30
|
<3
|
$60$
|
${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
PLAS |
|
$
\text{<5.E-42}
$
|
<13
|
<24
|
$400$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<6.E-42}
$
|
<12
|
<24
|
$300$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<2.E-36}
$
|
|
$1$
|
$0.001$
|
${{\mathit \gamma}}$
|
27 |
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<1.E-41}
$
|
<5
|
|
$70$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
EMUL |
|
$
\text{<1.E-40}
$
|
<3
|
<2
|
$28$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
EMUL |
|
$
\text{<2.E-40}
$
|
<3
|
<2
|
$30$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<1.E-35}
$
|
<3
|
<4
|
$28$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
CNTR |
|
$
\text{<2.E-35}
$
|
<1
|
$1$
|
$6$
|
${{\mathit p}}$
|
|
|
EMUL |
|
1
AAD 2025B searches are made for monopoles produced in ultra-peripheral ${}^{}\mathrm {PbPb}$ collisions. Model-dependent mass exclusions between $20 - 150$ GeV are made. Limit given at the mass of 60 GeV.
|
|
2
ACHARYA 2025 present cross section and mass limits presented for a suite of searches covering charges between 1 and 10 Dirac charges and interpreted within various model scenarios.
|
|
3
ACHARYA 2024 search for monopoles produced by the Schwinger mechanism. Results are model dependent.
|
|
4
AAD 2023CO limits given for monopoles pair produced via a Drell-Yan or photon-fusion mechanism. Spins 1/2 and 0 are considered. The quoted limit is representative of the lowest values that were achieved.
|
|
5
ACHARYA 2022A give limits for monopoles pair-produced via a Drell-Yan production. Spins 0, 1/2, and 1 are considered. The cross section limit is representative of the lowest values that were achieved. The experiment used a combination of nuclear track detectors to look evidence of passing monopoles and a SQUID magnetometer to look for stopped monopoles.
|
|
6
ACHARYA 2022B achieved limits on monopole (point-like included) production via the Schwinger mechanism in ${}^{}\mathrm {Pb}-{}^{}\mathrm {Pb}$ collisions at 5.02 TeV centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair. The upper cross section limit value quoted here is representative of the lowest values achieved.
|
|
7
ACHARYA 2021 search for dyons at LHC. Using a production model limits (we report the lowest) are set for dyons with magnetic charge up to 5 gD, electric charges up to 200 e and spins 0, 1/2, 1. The corresponding mass limits for magnetic monopoles are in the range $870 - 2040$ GeV for magnetic charges in the same range.
|
|
8
AAD 2020G give limits for Drell-Yan production with spin-0 and spin-1/2 monopoles. The above limit is for spin = 0 at mass = 3 TeV.
|
|
9
ACHARYA 2019B limits both ${{\mathit \beta}}$-dependent and ${{\mathit \beta}}$-independent on monopoles with spins 0, 1/2, and 1 and with magnetic charges ranging from one to five times the Dirac charge in mass ranges between 200 GeV and 5000 GeV.
|
|
10
ACHARYA 2018A provide limits on monopoles with spins 0, 1/2, and 1 and with magnetic charges ranging from two to five times the Dirac charge.
|
|
11
The search was sensitive to monopoles which had stopped in aluminium trapping volumes. Monopoles with spins 0 and 1/2 were considered; mass-dependent spin 1/2 monopole limits are quoted here.
|
|
12
AAD 2016AB model-independent 95$\%$ CL limits estimated using a fiducial region of approximately constant acceptance. Limits are mass-dependent.
|
|
13
ACHARYA 2016 limits at 95$\%$ CL estimated using a Drell-Yan-like production mechanism for scalar monopoles.
|
|
14
AAD 2012CS searched for monopoles as highly ionising objects. The cross section limits are based on an assumed Drell Yan-like production process for spin 1/2 monopoles. The limits are mass- and scenario-dependent.
|
|
15
ABBIENDI 2008 assume production of spin 1/2 monopoles with effective charge $\mathit g\beta $ (n=1), via ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}^{*}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit M}}{{\overline{\mathit M}}}$, so that the cross section is proportional to (1 + cos $^2\theta $). There is no $\mathit z$ information for such highly saturated tracks, so a parabolic track in the jet chamber is projected onto the $\mathit xy$ plane. Charge per hit in the chamber produces a clean separation of signal and background.
|
|
16
ABULENCIA 2006K searches for high-ionizing signals in CDF central outer tracker and time-of-flight detector. For Drell-Yan ${{\mathit M}}{{\overline{\mathit M}}}$ production, the cross section limit implies ${{\mathit M}}$ $>$ 360 GeV at 95$\%$ CL.
|
|
17
AKTAS 2005A model-dependent limits as a function of monopole mass shown for arbitrary mass of 60 GeV. Based on search for stopped monopoles in the H1 Al beam pipe.
|
|
18
AKTAS 2005A limits with assumed elastic spin 0 monopole pair production.
|
|
19
AKTAS 2005A limits with assumed inelastic spin 1/2 monopole pair production.
|
|
20
KALBFLEISCH 2004 reports searches for stopped magnetic monopoles in ${}^{}\mathrm {Be}$, ${}^{}\mathrm {Al}$, and ${}^{}\mathrm {Pb}$ samples obtained from discarded material from the upgrading of ${D0}$ and CDF. A large-aperture warm-bore cryogenic detector was used. The approach was an extension of the methods of KALBFLEISCH 2000. Cross section results moderately model dependent; interpretation as a mass lower limit depends on possibly invalid perturbation expansion.
|
|
21
KALBFLEISCH 2000 used an induction method to search for stopped monopoles in pieces of the ${D0}$ (FNAL) beryllium beam pipe and in extensions to the drift chamber aluminum support cylinder. Results are model dependent.
|
|
22
KALBFLEISCH 2000 result is for aluminum.
|
|
23
KALBFLEISCH 2000 result is for beryllium.
|
|
24
HE 1997 used a lead target and barium phosphate glass detectors. Cross-section limits are well below those predicted via the Drell-Yan mechanism.
|
|
25
This work has also been reinterpreted in the framework of monopole production via the thermal Schwinger process (GOULD 2017); this gives rise to lower mass limits.
|
|
26
Multiphoton events.
|
|
27
Cherenkov radiation polarization.
|
|
28
Re-examines CERN neutrino experiments.
|
