| • • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • • |
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1 |
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ATLS |
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2 |
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CMS |
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3 |
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ATLS |
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4 |
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RVUE |
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5 |
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CMS |
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6 |
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CMS |
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7 |
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RVUE |
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8 |
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RVUE |
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9 |
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RVUE |
| $> 3.1$ |
95 |
10 |
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ZEUS |
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11 |
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RVUE |
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12 |
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RVUE |
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13 |
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RVUE |
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14 |
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RVUE |
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15 |
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RVUE |
| $> 14$ |
95 |
16 |
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RVUE |
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17 |
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RVUE |
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18 |
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RVUE |
| $> 2.5$ |
95 |
19 |
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H1 |
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20 |
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RVUE |
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21 |
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H1 |
| $> 0.49$ |
95 |
22 |
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ALEP |
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23 |
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RVUE |
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24 |
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ZEUS |
| $>1.7$ |
96 |
25 |
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H1 |
| $> 46$ |
90 |
26 |
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BELL |
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27 |
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ZEUS |
| $>1.7$ |
95 |
28 |
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RVUE |
| $>0.39$ |
95 |
29 |
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L3 |
| $>1.5$ |
95 |
30 |
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H1 |
| $>0.2$ |
95 |
31 |
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ALEP |
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32 |
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RVUE |
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33 |
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RVUE |
| $>0.74$ |
95 |
34 |
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RVUE |
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35 |
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OPAL |
| $>19.3$ |
95 |
36 |
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CDF |
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37 |
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L3 |
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38 |
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OPAL |
| $>0.76$ |
95 |
39 |
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RVUE |
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40 |
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ZEUS |
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41 |
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RVUE |
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42 |
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RVUE |
| $>1200$ |
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43 |
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RVUE |
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44 |
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RVUE |
| $>0.3$ |
95 |
45 |
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RVUE |
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46 |
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RVUE |
| $>18$ |
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47 |
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RVUE |
| $>0.43$ |
95 |
48 |
|
RVUE |
| $>0.44$ |
95 |
48 |
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RVUE |
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49 |
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RVUE |
| $>1$ |
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50 |
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RVUE |
| $>125$ |
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50 |
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RVUE |
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1
AAD 2025BB search for ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ production from ${{\mathit t}}$-channel LQ exchange in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 for limits in mass-coupling plane.
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2
HAYRAPETYAN 2025AN use ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ and ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ spectra in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV to set limits on ${{\mathit t}}$-channel LQ exchange amplitudes. See their Figs. $7 - 10$ for limits in mass-coupling plane.
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3
AAD 2024W search for leptoquark induced ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit t}}$ (${{\mathit q}}$ = ${{\mathit u}}$, ${{\mathit c}}$) contact interaction in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7b for limits in mass-coupling plane.
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4
CALABRESE 2023 obtain limits on leptoquark coupling from coherent ${{\mathit \nu}}$-nucleus scattering data collected by COHERENT experiment. See their Fig. 3 for limits in mass-coupling plane.
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5
TUMASYAN 2023AW search for ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ events mediated by ${{\mathit t}}$-channel leptoquark exchange in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for limits in mass-coupling plane.
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6
TUMASYAN 2023S search for leptoquark induced ${{\mathit b}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ process in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 12 for limits on a vector ${{\mathit b}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ leptoquark in mass-coupling plane.
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7
CRIVELLIN 2021A set limits on coupling strengths of scalar and vector leptoquarks using ${{\mathit K}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \nu}}$, ${{\mathit K}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit K}^{0}}−{{\overline{\mathit K}}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit D}^{0}}−{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ mixings, and weak neutral current measurements. See their Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for the limits in mass-coupling plane.
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8
AEBISCHER 2020 explain the ${{\mathit B}}$ decay anomalies using four-fermion operator Wilson coefficents. See their Table 1. These Wilson coefficients may be generated by a ${{\mathit U}_{{{1}}}}$ vector leptoquark with ${{\mathit U}_{{{1}}}}$ transforming as (3,1)$_{2/3}$ under the SM gauge group. See their Figures 6, 7, 8 for the regions of the LQ parameter space which explains the ${{\mathit B}}$ anomalies and avoids the indirect low energy constraints.
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9
DEPPISCH 2020 limits on the lepton-number-violating higher-dimensional-operators are derived from ${{\mathit K}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ in the standard model effective field theory. These higher-dimensional-operators may be induced from leptoquark-exchange diagrams.
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10
ABRAMOWICZ 2019 obtain a limit on $\lambda /{{\mathit M}_{{{LQ}}}}$ $>$ 1.16 TeV${}^{-1}$ for weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark ${{\mathit S}_{{{1}}}^{L}}$. We obtain the limit quoted above by converting the limit on $\lambda /{{\mathit M}_{{{LQ}}}}$ for ${{\mathit S}_{{{1}}}^{L}}$ assuming $\lambda $ = $\sqrt {4 \pi }$. See their Table 5 for the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers. These limits are derived from bounds of ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit q}}$ contact interactions.
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11
MANDAL 2019 give bounds on leptoquarks from ${{\mathit \tau}}$-decays, leptonic dipole moments, lepton-flavor-violating processes, and ${{\mathit K}}$ decays.
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12
ZHANG 2018A give bounds on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from ${{\mathit D}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$. The authors inform us that the shape parameter of the vector form factor in both the abstract and the conclusions of ZHANG 2018A should be $\mathit r_{+1}$ = $2.16$ $\pm0.07$ rather than $\pm0.007$. The numbers listed in their Table 7 are correct.
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13
BARRANCO 2016 give bounds on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from ${{\mathit D}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ and ${{\mathit D}_{{{s}}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$.
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14
KUMAR 2016 gives bound on SU(2) singlet scalar leptoquark with chrge $−$1/3 from ${{\mathit K}^{0}}−{{\overline{\mathit K}}^{0}}$ mixing, ${{\mathit K}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}$, ${{\mathit K}_L^0}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$, and ${{\mathit K}_L^0}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{\pm}}{{\mathit e}^{\mp}}$ decays.
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15
BESSAA 2015 obtain limit on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from the ATLAS and CMS limit on the ${{\overline{\mathit q}}}{{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit e}}}{{\mathit e}}$ contact interactions.
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16
SAHOO 2015A obtain limit on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from ${{\mathit B}}$ $_{s,d}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ for $\lambda $ $\simeq{}$ $\mathit O$(1).
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17
SAKAKI 2013 explain the ${{\mathit B}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit D}^{(*)}}{{\mathit \tau}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}$ anomaly using Wilson coefficients of leptoquark-induced four-fermion operators.
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18
KOSNIK 2012 obtains limits on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from ${{\mathit b}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit s}}{{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}$ decays.
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19
AARON 2011C limit is for weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling ${{\mathit \lambda}}$ = $\sqrt {4\pi }$. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 3. Limits are derived from bounds of ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit q}}$ contact intereractions.
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20
DORSNER 2011 give bounds on scalar, weak singlet, charge 4/3 leptoquark from ${{\mathit K}}$, ${{\mathit B}}$, ${{\mathit \tau}}$ decays, meson mixings, $\mathit LFV$, $\mathit g−$2 and ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$.
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21
AKTAS 2007A search for lepton-flavor violation in ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit p}}$ collision. See their Tables $4 - 7$ for limits on lepton-flavor violating four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.
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22
SCHAEL 2007A limit is for the weak-isoscalar spin-0 left-handed leptoquark with the coupling of electromagnetic strength. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 35.
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23
SMIRNOV 2007 obtains mass limits for the vector and scalar chiral leptoquark states from ${{\mathit K}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$, ${{\mathit B}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ decays.
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24
CHEKANOV 2005 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs.6--10 and Tables 1--8 for detailed limits.
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25
ADLOFF 2003 limit is for the weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling $\lambda =\sqrt {4{{\mathit \pi}} }$. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table$~$3. Limits are derived from bounds on ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit q}}$ contact interactions.
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26
The bound is derived from B( ${{\mathit B}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}}$) $<$ $1.7 \times 10^{-7}$.
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27
CHEKANOV 2002 search for lepton-flavor violation in ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions. See their Tables$~1 - 4$ for limits on lepton-flavor violating and four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.
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28
CHEUNG 2001B quoted limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge $−$1/3 leptoquark with a coupling of electromagnetic strength. The limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see Table$~$5.
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29
ACCIARRI 2000P limit is for the weak isoscalar spin-0 leptoquark with the coupling of electromagnetic strength. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table$~$4.
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30
ADLOFF 2000 limit is for the weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling, $\lambda =\sqrt {4\pi }$. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table$~$2. ADLOFF 2000 limits are from the $\mathit Q{}^{2}$ spectrum measurement of ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ X.
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31
BARATE 2000I search for deviations in cross section and jet-charge asymmetry in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\overline{\mathit q}}}{{\mathit q}}$ due to $\mathit t$-channel exchange of a leptoquark at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=130 to 183 GeV. Limits for other scalar and vector leptoquarks are also given in their Table$~$22.
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32
BARGER 2000 explain the deviation of atomic parity violation in cesium atoms from prediction is explained by scalar leptoquark exchange.
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33
GABRIELLI 2000 calculate various process with lepton flavor violation in leptoquark models.
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34
ZARNECKI 2000 limit is derived from data of HERA, LEP, and Tevatron and from various low-energy data including atomic parity violation. Leptoquark coupling with electromagnetic strength is assumed.
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35
ABBIENDI 1999 limits are from ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ cross section at $130 - 136$, $161 - 172$, 183 GeV. See their Fig.$~$8 and Fig.$~$9 for limits in mass-coupling plane.
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36
ABE 1998V quoted limit is from B( ${{\mathit B}_{{{s}}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}})<8.2 \times 10^{-6}$. ABE 1998V also obtain a similar limit on $\mathit M_{LQ}>20.4$ TeV from B( ${{\mathit B}_{{{d}}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}})<4.5 \times 10^{-6}$. Both bounds assume the non-canonical association of the ${{\mathit b}}~$quark with electrons or muons under SU(4).
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37
ACCIARRI 1998J limit is from ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ cross section at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$= $130 - 172$ GeV which can be affected by the ${{\mathit t}}-~$and ${{\mathit u}}$-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig.$~$4 and Fig.$~$5 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.
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38
ACKERSTAFF 1998V limits are from ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ and ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ cross sections at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$ = $130 - 172$ GeV, which can be affected by the $\mathit t$- and $\mathit u$-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig.$~$21 and Fig.$~$22 for limits of leptoquarks in mass-coupling plane.
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39
DEANDREA 1997 limit is for ${{\widetilde{\mathit R}}_{{{2}}}}$ leptoquark obtained from atomic parity violation (APV). The coupling of leptoquark is assumed to be electromagnetic strength. See Table$~$2 for limits of the four-fermion interactions induced by various scalar leptoquark exchange. DEANDREA 1997 combines APV limit and limits from Tevatron and HERA. See Fig.$~1 - 4$ for combined limits of leptoquark in mass-coupling plane.
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40
DERRICK 1997 search for lepton-flavor violation in ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit p}}$ collision. See their Tables$~$2--5 for limits on lepton-flavor violating four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.
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41
GROSSMAN 1997 estimate the upper bounds on the branching fraction ${{\mathit B}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ (X) from the absence of the ${{\mathit B}}$ decay with large missing energy. These bounds can be used to constrain leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions.
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42
JADACH 1997 limit is from ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ cross section at $\sqrt {\mathit s }=172.3$ GeV which can be affected by the ${{\mathit t}}$- and ${{\mathit u}}$-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig.$~$1 for limits on vector leptoquarks in mass-coupling plane.
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43
KUZNETSOV 1995B use ${{\mathit \pi}}$, ${{\mathit K}}$, ${{\mathit B}}$, ${{\mathit \tau}}$ decays and ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit e}}$ conversion and give a list of bounds on the leptoquark mass and the fermion mixing matrix in the Pati-Salam model. The quoted limit is from ${{\mathit K}_{{{L}}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit e}}$ decay assuming zero mixing.
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44
MIZUKOSHI 1995 calculate the one-loop radiative correction to the ${{\mathit Z}}$-physics parameters in various scalar leptoquark models. See their Fig.$~$4 for the exclusion plot of third generation leptoquark models in mass-coupling plane.
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45
BHATTACHARYYA 1994 limit is from one-loop radiative correction to the leptonic decay width of the ${{\mathit Z}}$. ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}}}$=250 GeV, ${{\mathit \alpha}_{{{s}}}}({\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}}})=0.12$, ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$=180 GeV, and the electroweak strength of leptoquark coupling are assumed. For leptoquark coupled to ${{\overline{\mathit e}}_{{{L}}}}{{\mathit t}_{{{R}}}}$, ${{\overline{\mathit \mu}}}{{\mathit t}}$, and ${{\overline{\mathit \tau}}}{{\mathit t}}$, see Fig.$~$2 in BHATTACHARYYA 1994B erratum and Fig.$~$3.
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46
DAVIDSON 1994 gives an extensive list of the bounds on leptoquark-induced four-fermion interactions from ${{\mathit \pi}}$, ${{\mathit K}}$, ${{\mathit D}}$, ${{\mathit B}}$, ${{\mathit \mu}}$, ${{\mathit \tau}}$ decays and meson mixings, $\mathit etc$. See Table$~$15 of DAVIDSON 1994 for detail.
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47
KUZNETSOV 1994 gives mixing independent bound of the Pati-Salam leptoquark from the cosmological limit on ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}{{\mathit \nu}}$.
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48
LEURER 1994, LEURER 1994B limits are obtained from atomic parity violation and apply to any chiral leptoquark which couples to the first generation with electromagnetic strength. For a nonchiral leptoquark, universality in ${{\mathit \pi}}_{{{\mathit \ell}}2}$ decay provides a much more stringent bound.
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49
MAHANTA 1994 gives bounds of $\mathit P$- and $\mathit T$-violating scalar-leptoquark couplings from atomic and molecular experiments.
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50
From ( ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \nu}})/$( ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \nu}}$) ratio. SHANKER 1982 assumes the leptoquark induced four-fermion coupling 4$\mathit g{}^{2}/\mathit M{}^{2}$ (${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}_{\mathit eL}$ $\mathit u_{\mathit R}$) (${{\overline{\mathit d}}_{{{L}}}}{{\mathit e}_{{{R}}}}$)with $\mathit g=0.004$ for spin-0 leptoquark and $\mathit g{}^{2}/\mathit M{}^{2}$ (${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}_{\mathit eL}$ ${{\mathit \gamma}_{{{\mu}}}}{{\mathit u}_{{{L}}}}$) (${{\overline{\mathit d}}_{{{R}}}}$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{}^{{{\mathit \mu}}}$ ${{\mathit e}_{{{R}}}}$) with $\mathit g≅0.6$ for spin-1 leptoquark.
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